Dr. Maria Menucci, MDEndocrinology · Diabetes · Thyroid
Trust

References

Every guideline and study cited across this website.

All cited sources

  1. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1). doi:10.2337/dc26-S002. View source
  2. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1):S132–S149. doi:10.2337/dc26-S006. View source
  3. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1):S150–S165. doi:10.2337/dc26-S007. View source
  4. Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, et al. Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the International Consensus on Time in Range. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(8):1593–1603. doi:10.2337/dci19-0028. View source
  5. Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, et al. Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(8):1473–1478. doi:10.2337/dc08-0545. View source
  6. Grunberger G, Sherr J, Allende M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: the use of advanced technology in the management of persons with diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(6):505–537. doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.04.008. View source
  7. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;326(8):736–743. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12531. View source
  8. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26(1):1–133. doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0020. View source
  9. Ringel MD, Sosa JA, Baloch Z, et al. 2025 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2025;35(8):841–985. doi:10.1177/10507256251363120. View source
  10. Tessler FN, Middleton WD, Grant EG, et al. ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS): white paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14(5):587–595. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.01.046. View source
  11. Ali SZ, Baloch ZW, Cochand-Priollet B, Schmitt FC, Vielh P, VanderLaan PA. The 2023 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Thyroid. 2023;33(9):1039–1044. doi:10.1089/thy.2023.0141. View source
  12. Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid. 2014;24(12):1670–1751. doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0028. View source
  13. Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016;26(10):1343–1421. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0229. View source
  14. US Preventive Services Task Force (Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al.). Screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2025. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.27154. View source
  15. Eastell R, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, Murad MH, Shoback D. Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(5):1595–1622. doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00221. View source
  16. LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, et al. The clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2022;33(10):2049–2102. doi:10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y. View source
  17. Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis—2020 update. Endocr Pract. 2020;26(Suppl 1):1–46. doi:10.4158/GL-2020-0524SUPPL. View source
  18. Bilezikian JP, Khan AA, Silverberg SJ, et al. Evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement and guidelines from the Fifth International Workshop. J Bone Miner Res. 2022;37(11):2293–2314. doi:10.1002/jbmr.4677. View source
  19. Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJE, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(10):2447–2469. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad463. View source
  20. Fassnacht M, Tsagarakis S, Terzolo M, et al. European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management of adrenal incidentalomas, in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023;189(1):G1–G42. doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad066. View source
  21. Adler GK, Stowasser M, Correa RR, et al. Primary aldosteronism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf284. View source
  22. Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(2):273–288. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1692. View source
  23. Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(5):1715–1744. doi:10.1210/jc.2018-00229. View source

Guidelines are updated over time. Links point to the publisher or DOI record; always check for the newest version.